APS Member History

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1	Name:	Mr. John C. Bogle
	Institution:	The Vanguard Group; Bogle Financial Markets Research Center
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	January 16, 2019

	Born in 1929, John C. Bogle grew up in a family whose wealth had vanished during the depression. Bogle was a responsible young man who worked steadily to support himself, as waiter, post-office clerk, reporter, and other jobs. He earned a scholarship to Blair Academy (N.J.), where he was captain of the student waiters and voted "most likely to succeed," graduating in 1947. With the help of another scholarship and more jobs, he entered Princeton University, working his way through with jobs of increasing responsibility. In December 1949, he received what he called "the lucky break of a lifetime." Reading Fortune magazine in the university library, he stumbled on an article that described the "tiny but contentious" mutual fund industry. He decided to make it the subject of his senior thesis. After exhaustive study of the industry, Bogle concluded that "The principal function of mutual funds is the management of their investment portfolios. Everything else is incidental - that future industry growth can be maximized by a reduction of costs," that funds could "make to no claim for superiority over the market averages," and that funds should operate "in the most efficient, honest, and economical way possible." Entitled The Economic Role of the Investment Company, the thesis enabled Bogle to graduate magna cum laude in June 1951. Largely on the basis of his thesis, Bogle was immediately hired by fund industry pioneer Walter L. Morgan, founder of Philadelphia's Wellington Fund. He rose quickly through the ranks, and by 1965 was leading the firm. In a move he describes as opportunistic and naïve, Bogle merged Wellington with a Boston investment firm that had achieved spectacular results during the "Go-Go Era" of the mid 1960s. The once-happy marriage was not to last, and in the midst of the 1973-74 bear market, Bogle was fired from the firm that he considered "his." Heartsick but determined, Bogle seized that well-disguised opportunity to create a firm that would embody the idealism of his senor thesis. In founding The Vanguard Group in 1974, he created a unique mutual fund firm: one that was owned, not by an external management company, as was (and is) the industry standard, but one that was owned by its mutual fund shareholders-a truly mutual fund organization. At the outset, Vanguard was responsible for just $1.4 billion of mutual fund assets. Thirty-one years later, assets under management approach $850 billion. Bogle's innovations did not stop with Vanguard's ownership structure, which has allowed the firm to operate at costs that are less than one-fifth the industry average. In 1975, just a year after he founded the firm, Vanguard launched the world's first index mutual fund (today, the 500 Index Fund is the world's largest mutual fund). Two years later, Vanguard created the first multi-series bond fund, whose then-novel structure, comprising separate short-, intermediate-, and long-term funds, quickly became the industry standard. His 1977 decision to eliminate broker distribution and abandon sales loads sharply accelerated the growth of no-load mutual funds. In 1999, exactly a half-century after the magazine had introduced him to the mutual fund industry, Fortune named John C. Bogle one of the financial industry's four "Giants of the Twentieth Century." In 2004, Time magazine named him to the "Time 100," the "World's 100 Most Powerful and Influential People." Former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul A. Volcker has praised Bogle for his "fiduciary responsibility, objectivity of analysis, and willingness to take a stand," and the former Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery, William T. Allen, described him as "a man of high virtue." Bogle dedicated his long career to the notion that the human beings who own mutual fund shares deserve a fair shake. He died on January 16, 2019 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania at the age of 89.

2	Name:	Dr. Lee C. Bollinger
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1946

	Lee Bollinger became the president of Columbia University in 2002 after achieving eminence at the University of Michigan as professor, Dean of the Law School and, later, as president of the University. He also served successfully as provost of Dartmouth College. His widely acclaimed scholarship on U.S. Constitutional rights has concentrated on the freedom of speech and freedom of the press, stressing that these rights not only protect individual freedom and the right to know but also promote another important value - maintaining a tolerant society. He has led the effort, recently affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court, to ensure diversity in education through affirmative measures. He has authored or edited several books, including Uninhibited, Robust and Wide Open: A Free Press for a New Century (2009).

3	Name:	The Honorable Stephen Breyer
	Institution:	United States Supreme Court
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice, was born in San Francisco on August 15, 1938. He married Joanna Hare in 1967. They have three children, Chloe, Nell and Michael. He is a graduate of Stanford University, Oxford University (Magdalen College), and Harvard Law School. During the United States Supreme Court's 1964 term he was a law clerk to Justice Arthur J. Goldberg. From 1965-67 he worked as a special assistant to the head of the Justice Department's Antitrust Division. From 1967-80 he taught at Harvard University, as professor of law and at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. He also worked as an Assistant Watergate Special Prosecutor (1973), as a Special Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee (1975), and as the Judiciary Committee's Chief Counsel (1979-80). In 1980 he was appointed Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. He became the Circuit's Chief Judge in 1990. He has also served as a Member of the Judicial Conference of the United States and of the United States Sentencing Commission. He has written books and articles in the field of administrative law and government regulation. President Clinton nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took office in August 1994. He recently wrote Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View (2010).

4	Name:	Mr. Donald E. Graham
	Institution:	Graham Holdings Company
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	Donald E. Graham became chief executive officer of Graham Holdings Company (then The Washington Post Company) in May 1991 and chairman of the board in 1993. He was publisher of The Washington Post newspaper from January 1979 until September 2000 and chairman of the paper from September 2000 to February 2008. His father, Philip Graham, was publisher of The Washington Post from 1946 until 1961 and president from 1947 until his death in 1963. His mother, Katharine Graham, served in a variety of executive positions from 1963 until her death in 2001. Eugene Meyer, Graham's grandfather, purchased The Washington Post at a bankruptcy sale in 1933. After graduating in 1966 from Harvard College, where he was president of the Harvard Crimson, Graham was drafted and served as an information specialist with the 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. He was a patrolman with the Washington Metropolitan Police Department from January 1969 to June 1970. Graham joined The Washington Post newspaper in 1971 as a reporter and subsequently held several news and business positions at the newspaper and at Newsweek. He was named executive vice president and general manager of the newspaper in 1976. He was elected a director of The Washington Post Company in 1974 and served as president from May 1991 to September 1993. In 2013 The Washington Post newspaper and other newspaper division assets were sold to Jeffrey P. Bezos, and the Company was renamed Graham Holdings Company. Graham is chairman of the District of Columbia College Access Program, a private foundation which, since 1999, has helped double the number of DC public high school students going on to college and has helped triple the number graduating from college. He co-founded the program along with major local businesses and foundations. Since its inception, DC-CAP has assisted over 13,000 DC students enroll in college and has provided scholarships totaling more than $18 million. He is a co-founder of TheDream.US, a national scholarship fund for DREAMers, created to help immigrant youth get a college education. Graham is a trustee of the Federal City Council and of the Philip L. Graham Fund, which was established in 1963 in memory of his father. He is also a director and member of the compensation committee of Facebook, The Summit Fund of Washington, the College Success Foundation and KIPP-DC. Previously, he served as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board.

5	Name:	Mr. H. F. (Gerry) Lenfest
	Institution:	The Lenfest Foundation
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	August 5, 2018

	A celebrated leader in business and philanthropy, Gerry Lenfest was an active and generous supporter of educational, civic, and cultural causes. He dedicated his talents and resources to sustaining and enhancing the vitality of the Philadelphia region and communities beyond, especially in the fields of the arts and education. He and his wife received the Philadelphia Award in 2009 in recognition of their contributions to the region. In 2017 he was awarded the Carnegie Medal for Philanthropy. Mr. Lenfest's career began in law, and through his work at Triangle Publications with Walter H. Annenberg, he became engaged with the communications industry. His cable television company, Suburban Cable TV, was a leader in the cable sector until its sale to Comcast in 2000. He launched a televised promotional campaign for all the resident companies of the Kimmel Center and the Academy of Music, as well as the Philadelphia Museum of Art (where he served as chairman of the board), increasing public awareness of the arts in Philadelphia. Lenfest also supported the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Michener Museum, among other arts institutions. Holding a variety of institutional leadership positions, Lenfest aided in the growth of the schools he attended - Columbia Law School, Washington and Lee University, and Mercersburg Academy. In 2000, he and his wife established The Lenfest Foundation, dedicated to supporting programs that provide individuals of all ages and backgrounds with opportunities to help themselves improve the quality of their lives. In 2007 the Librarian of Congress appointed Lenfest as chairman of the James Madison Council, the library's private-sector advisory body. In 2015 Lenfest donated the Philadelphia Media Network, including The Inquirer, Daily News, and philly.com, to the nonprofit Institute for Journalism in New Media in order to ensure the stability and independence of local news. His support and leadership was instrumental to the creation of the Museum of the American Revolution, which opened in 2017. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2004. Gerry Lenfest died on August 5, 2018, at the age of 88.

6	Name:	Sir Colin Lucas
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Sir Colin Lucas studied at Lincoln College, Oxford for his undergraduate and graduate degrees and then taught at the Universities of Sheffield and Manchester before returning to Oxford in 1973 as a Fellow and Tutor in Modern History at Balliol College. He is a specialist in the history of eighteenth-century France, principally the French Revolution. His research interests include terror, revolutionary and popular violence, the causes of revolution, and practices of democratic politics in situations of stress. Sir Colin left Oxford in 1990 to become Professor of History and then Dean of the Division of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago, and returned as Master of Balliol College, a position he held between 1994 and 2001. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor (president) of the University of Oxford in 1997 - the first Oxford Vice-Chancellor to serve for seven years - and has implemented and overseen the extensive changes in governance of the University which have taken place since 2000. These included the adoption of external members of the University's Council, radical restructuring of the committee system, divisionalisation of academic departments, and new resource allocation and financial management systems. He held a number of other offices within the University, including the Chairmanship of OUP. During his term of office Sir Colin also established and chaired a University working party on Access, which reported in 1999. He was elected member of the Executive Committee of Universities UK, the representative body for UK higher education institutions, and he also chaired the Milton Keynes, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire AimHigher Programme, established to encourage wider participation in higher education. In 2001 he became the first non-US trustee of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Sir Colin is a member of the Board of the British Library and is also Education Advisor to the State Governor of Guangdong Province in China. He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Lyon-II in France, The University of Sheffield, the University of Glasgow, the University of Western Australia, Princeton University, Peking University, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia and Oxford Brookes University. He is a Fellow of All Souls College, and an Honorary Fellow of Lincoln College and Balliol College, Oxford. Sir Colin stepped down as Vice-Chancellor in October 2004. Having been a trustee of the Rhodes Trust for nine years, he accepted the position of Warden of Rhodes House in October of 2004.

7	Name:	Mr. A. Bruce Mainwaring
	Institution:	UTI Corporation; Micro-Coax, Inc.; Beaumont Retirement Community; University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1927
	Death Date:	September 6, 2022

	A. Bruce Mainwaring is the retired Chairman of the Board of Directors of the UTI Corporation (now Accellent, Inc.)which manufactures metal tubing and tubular products. He is Chairman of Micro-Coax, Inc. manufacturer of microwave and telecommunications components. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, he served on the university\'s Board of Trustees from 1991-96, assuming an emeritus position in 1997. He has also served on the Board of Overseers of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (1983-96, chair, 1991-96, emeritus, 1997-) and is a former trustee or board member of numerous organizations, including Beaumont Retirement Community, Inc. (chair, 2004-2007), International House of Philadelphia(chair, 1980-82), American Research Center in Egypt, Valley Forge Council of the Boy Scouts of America, Philadelphia Area Council for Economic Education, Chief Executives\' Organization, Academic Affairs Committee of the Monmouth College (Illinois) Senate (Chair) Academic Affairs Committee 1975-1977, and he served on committees to revise the governance and relocate the campus of Episcopal Academy. A highly successful businessman, Mainwaring has also had a lifelong interest in the sciences and has been able to maintain an active interest in scholarly institutions, especially the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology. An enlightened philanthropist, he has generously supported a host of important scholarly activities over the years, has chaired the boards of important cultural institutions such as the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the International House of Philadelphia and is highly knowledgeable about a host of scholarly fields.

8	Name:	Mr. Robert L. McNeil
	Institution:	The Barra Foundation; McNeil Laboratories, Inc.
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	May 20, 2010

	Robert L. McNeil, Jr. is a philanthropist who has devoted more than forty years to strengthening the artistic and intellectual environment of the Philadelphia area. Born in Connecticut in 1915, he holds a B.S. from Yale University (1936) and a B.Sc. from Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science (1938). From 1938-65 he worked at McNeil Laboratories as research chemist to director of research department to vice president (1938-56); director (1941-65); and chairman (1956-65). Since 1964, through the Barra Foundation, Mr. McNeil has done a great deal to support research and publication in early American history and culture. He has supported the publication of scores of difficult-to-fund art books and scholarly editions, has endowed professorships of American art history at Yale University and Wellesley College, and has endowed fellowships at the Winterthur Museum, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the American Philosophical Society Library. He has also generously endowed the McNeil Center for Early American Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, which was renamed in his honor. A noted collector of American art, silver and furniture of the period 1750-1825, he has made important gifts to such institutions as the National Gallery, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Winterthur Museum, and the National Constitution Center. Mr. McNeil has served as a director of corporations such as Johnson & Johnson, Arrow International, Inc., Island Gem Enterprises and Resco Products, Inc. He has also been vice president and trustee of the Philadelphia Museum of Art; governor of the Yale University Art Gallery; director of the Archives of American Art, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Valley Forge Historical Society; and a trustee of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science, Princeton Theological Seminary and Germantown Academy. In sum, Robert McNeil is a remarkably active and effective supporter of art, education, and public service.

9	Name:	Ms. Jean Strouse
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	Jean Strouse is an author and the Sue Ann and John Weinberg Director of the New York Public Library's Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers. She earned her B.A. from Radcliffe College in 1967 and went on to work as an editorial assistant for The New York Review of Books (1967-69), as a freelance writer and editor (1969-72); as an editor at Pantheon Books (1972-75); and as a book critic for Newsweek magazine (1979-83). In 1975 she published her first book, Women & Analysis, Dialogues on Psychoanalytic Views of Femininity and followed that in 1980 with a biography of Alice James that won the Bancroft Prize in American History and Diplomacy. In 1999 she published another biography, Morgan: American Financier, to much praise. Ms. Strouse's essays and reviews have also appeared in The New York Times Book Review, The New Yorker, Grand Street, The Washington Post, The New York Review of Books, Vogue, and Newsweek. She has served as a trustee of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and The Harvard Advocate; on the executive board of The Readers' Encyclopedia of American History; and on the executive council of the Authors Guild.

10	Name:	Dr. Samuel O. Thier
	Institution:	Harvard Medical School
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	Samuel Thier, nationally-known authority on internal medicine, kidney disease, biomedical research, national health policy, and medical education, has reshaped every institution he has led. At Yale University, he raised the status of the academic medicine department chair. As president of the Institute of Medicine (1985-91), he established the institute as an objective and expert source of health policy. As president of Brandeis University (1991-94), he raised the level of intellectual ferment and reclarified the university's mission. As president and CEO of Partners HealthCare System (1997-2002), he has made perhaps his most important contribution in demonstrating that a large, fully-integrated academic health system can provide excellent clinical care while maintaining financial stability and strenghthening research and education programs. Born in New York, Dr. Thier received his M.D. from the State University of New York at Syracuse in 1960. He subsequently worked at Massachusetts General Hospital (1967-69) and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (1969-71) and as vice chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (1971-75) before joining the Yale University School of Medicine as chairman of the department of internal medicine in 1975. From 1994-97 he served as president of Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Thier's many accolades include the John Phillips Memorial Award of the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (2001) and the Robert H. Williams, M.D., Distinguished Chair of Medicine Award from the Association of Professors of Medicine (2003). He was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1988.